Hydrogen Research Study
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Human clinical evidenceHuman Clinical StudyOther or not reported

Retrospective Evaluation of Intravenous Oxyhydrogen Nanobubble Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease

Indrajani O, Ekasari CP, Hernowo AT · 2025

Research-use notice

Independent study record

Each H2HUBB study page organizes source-linked research details for educational use. Interpretation should remain proportional to the study design, population, controls, and limitations.

H2HUBB Research Library branded molecular hydrogen research image
Primary topic Kidney and Renal Health
Evidence type Human clinical evidence
Publication type Human Clinical Study
Hydrogen method Other or not reported

H2HUBB TAKEAWAY

In 47 patients with CKD, following HHO therapy, 61.7% of patients showed improved eGFR, particularly those in CKD Stage III. These findings add human evidence supporting molecular hydrogen's therapeutic potential across the specific human outcomes evaluated in this study.

What the Findings Mean

H2HUBB reviewed how molecular hydrogen affected the outcomes measured in 47 patients with CKD. Following HHO therapy, 61.7% of patients showed improved eGFR, particularly those in CKD Stage III.

What the Researchers Studied

The researchers studied 47 patients with CKD. The study used a human clinical study.

What Effects Did Molecular Hydrogen Have?

Following HHO therapy, 61.7% of patients showed improved eGFR, particularly those in CKD Stage III. The authors concluded that this retrospective study suggests that intravenous HHO nanobubble therapy may support renal function and reduce cardiovascular-metabolic stress in patients with CKD, particularly in moderate stages.

Why These Findings Matter

These findings add human evidence supporting molecular hydrogen's therapeutic potential across the specific human outcomes evaluated in this study and contribute to the growing body of molecular-hydrogen research.

How Strong Is This Evidence?

This is human clinical evidence from a human clinical study. H2HUBB interprets the findings in the context of the study design, sample, comparator, and measured outcomes rather than using one publication as a verdict on hydrogen therapy.

Technical Study Details

H2HUBB classifies this publication as human clinical study with human clinical evidence. The research population or model was 47 patients with CKD. The study used a human clinical study.

Limitations and Safety

No separate limitations or safety findings were identified in the current-study source text available to H2HUBB.

Original Study and H2HUBB Research Context

H2HUBB presents this source-grounded research record as one contribution to the broader molecular-hydrogen evidence base. The original scholarly source is available at https://europepmc.org/article/PPR/PPR1087134.