Hydrogen Attenuates Inflammation by Inducing Early M2 Macrophage Polarization in Skin Wound Healing.
Pengxiang Zhao, Zisong Cai, Xujuan Zhang, Mengyu Liu, Fei Xie, Ziyi Liu, Shidong Lu, Xuemei Ma · Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
Research-use notice
Independent study record
Each H2HUBB study page organizes source-linked research details for educational use. Interpretation should remain proportional to the study design, population, controls, and limitations.
H2HUBB TAKEAWAY
In mice, H₂ could promote very early M1-to-M2 polarization (on days 2-3 post wounding, 2-3 days earlier than in conventional wound healing), without disturbing the functions of the M1 phenotype. Time series analysis of the transcriptome, blood cell counts, and multiple cytokines further indicated that peripheral blood monocytes were a source of H₂-induced M2 macrophages and that the functions of H₂ in macrophage polarization were not only dependent on its antioxidant effects. These preclinical findings add evidence supporting molecular hydrogen's therapeutic potential within the outcomes and biological pathways measured in this model.
What the Findings Mean
H2HUBB reviewed how molecular hydrogen affected the outcomes measured in mice. H₂ could promote very early M1-to-M2 polarization (on days 2-3 post wounding, 2-3 days earlier than in conventional wound healing), without disturbing the functions of the M1 phenotype.
What the Researchers Studied
The researchers studied mice. The study used a preclinical animal experiment.
What Effects Did Molecular Hydrogen Have?
Group H₂ was placed in the chamber containing the air mixture for 2 h per day for three days, For the NAC group, mice were injected with 150 mg/kg of NAC (the ROS scavenger acetylcysteine; #S1623, Selleckchem, Shanghai, China) in the 22 (±2) g body weight range. H₂ could promote very early M1-to-M2 polarization (on days 2-3 post wounding, 2-3 days earlier than in conventional wound healing), without disturbing the functions of the M1 phenotype. The authors concluded that time series analysis of the transcriptome, blood cell counts, and multiple cytokines further indicated that peripheral blood monocytes were a source of H₂-induced M2 macrophages and that the functions of H₂ in macrophage polarization were not only dependent on its antioxidant effects. Molecular hydrogen (H₂), which has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, has been shown to promote M2 polarization in injury and disease. The H&E staining results showed that the hydrogen treatment group saw a reduction in the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the proximal wound tissue on days 1–3.
Why These Findings Matter
These preclinical findings add evidence supporting molecular hydrogen's therapeutic potential within the outcomes and biological pathways measured in this model.
How Strong Is This Evidence?
This is preclinical animal evidence from a preclinical animal experiment. It is most informative for the disease model, mechanisms, biomarkers, and outcomes directly measured in the study.
Technical Study Details
H2HUBB classifies this publication as animal study with preclinical animal evidence. The research population or model was mice. The reported sample size was 5. The study used a preclinical animal experiment.
Limitations and Safety
No separate limitations or safety findings were identified in the current-study source text available to H2HUBB.
Original Study and H2HUBB Research Context
H2HUBB presents this source-grounded research record as one contribution to the broader molecular-hydrogen evidence base.