The immunological effects of electrolyzed reduced water on the Echinostoma hortense infection in C57BL/6 mice.
Kyu Jae Lee, Dan Jin, Byung Soo Chang, Yung Chien Teng, Dong Heui Kim · Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin · 2009
Research-use notice
Independent study record
Each H2HUBB study page organizes source-linked research details for educational use. Interpretation should remain proportional to the study design, population, controls, and limitations.
H2HUBB TAKEAWAY
This preclinical study evaluated molecular hydrogen in mice. These results are preclinical and suggest that molecular hydrogen did not improve the measured outcome. Further human research is needed to determine its clinical relevance.
What the Researchers Studied
The study examined c57BL/6 mice.
How Molecular Hydrogen Was Used
The source material available to H2HUBB did not provide enough detail to identify the molecular hydrogen administration method.
What the Researchers Found
In the non-infected groups, interleukin (IL)-4 (p < 0.001), IL-5, IL-10, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and immunoglobulin (Ig) A expression of the group fed ERW (ERW group) increased in small intestine compared with the normal control group. In the case of infected groups, the group fed ERW (ERW+E. hortense group) showed the result that IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and Ig A expression increased, but IL-1beta and TNF-alpha (p < 0.001) decreased, and the number of goblet cells (p < 0.001) and helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) positive cells increased compared with the group without feeding ERW. However, adult worm recovery rate was markedly increased (p < 0.05). Electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) is widely used for drinking by people in Asia.
H₂ Mechanisms / Biological Findings
The source material reviewed did not establish a specific molecular hydrogen mechanism for the reported findings.
Authors’ Conclusion
The authors concluded that these results indicate that feeding ERW may have influence on the local immune response (Th-1 type cytokines such as IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) in the small intestine but not on the systemic immune response.